Conjugated antibodies are antibodies that have been joined or conjugated to a type of second molecule. The second molecule can be a toxin, radioisotope, or other label. Abcore-Inc. offers numerous conjugated antibodies that come labeled with a fluorescent dye and proteins. Conjugated antibodies are also called immonoconjugates and are mostly used in immunotherapy or in development of antibodies used to target specific tissues. There are a few, more newly developed, combination conjugates which include PerCP-Cy5.5, PE-Cy™5, PE-Dyomics 647, PE-Dyomics 590. PE-Cy™5 is a dual conjugate that can be attached to antibodies. Phycoerythrin, often abbreviated PE, is a fluorescent dye. PE is comparatively larger than many other types of conjugates and has a molecular weight of 240 kd. The molecule itself contains 25 fluors. Cyanin 5.1 dye, abbreviated Cy™5, is a member of the cyanine dye family. These dyes typically emit a shade of blue-green. Cy™5 has a maximum absorbance of 649 nm and maximum emission of 670 nm. PE-Cy™5 is also known as phyocoerythrin Cyanin 5.1, PC5, Cy-Chrome, and Tricolor. The maximum fluorescence emission of the combo is 670 nm. Due to the size of the molecule, there is typically only one PE-Cy5 molecule attached per antibody.

Anti-CD45 (PE-Cy™5) antibody (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C antibody) binds against the target CD45 antigen. CD45 (leukocyte common antigen) is a protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required to activate T-cells. CD45 is a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation that is localized in the membrane of cells. Once the T-cell has been activated by the CD45 activity, SKAP1 and FYN are recruited and dephosphorylated. Defects in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C cause severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell positive and increase one’s susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell positive is a rare disease that presents with a fever, rash, hepatosplenomegal, lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, and pancytopenia. It is a severe combined immunodeficiency. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by plaques on the nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Anti-CD3 (PE-Cy™5) antibody has been used in research regarding B cell lymphoma as well as brain tumors. The CD3 complex is a mediator of signal transduction localized on the cell membrane. Defects in CD3 can cause several severe immunodeficiency disorders among a specific group of ailments characterized by low antibody levels and specific immunities due to poor T-cell development.