Mesenchymal stem cells (also called marrow stromal cells) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells are derived from embryonic connective mesoderm and can be harvested from umbilical cord tissue and umbilical cord blood. Mesenchymal refers to a type of undifferentiated loose connective tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell antibodies are useful in scientific research and many laboratory techniques for tissue engineering. MSCs have been shown to differentiate in vitro and in vivo. These stem cells have an affinity to mold into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and beta-pancreatic islets cells. Research surrounding mesenchymal stem cells tends to focus on the stem cells ability to migrate to sites of injury and assist in repair as well as helping to counteract inherited disorders of mesenchymal tissues. The structure of mesenchymal stem cells includes a small cell body with a large, round nucleus amidst other cytoplasmic organelles like golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and polyribosomes. The cell's appearance is long and thin with a stretched out form.

Anti-Calponin antibody binds against calponin. Calponin functions as a thin-filament protein regulator/modulator of smooth muscle contraction. Calponin can bind to actin and inhibit the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity. Actomyosin Mg-ATPase is involved in cardioprotection by maintaining intracellular calcium levels in ventricular myocytes that require ATP. Anti-Desmin antibody binds against the target desmin. Desmins are class-III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. It is localized in the cytoplasm. Defects in DES are the cause of myopathy myofribrillar desmin-related, and cardiomyopathy dilated type 1. Desmin related myopathy is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and cardiac conduction blocks, arrhythmias, heart failure, and myofibrillar destruction. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive heart disease characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction.